قوة القبضة هي مقياس لأقصى قوة ثابتة لليد ، والتي تعكس القوة الكلية للعضلات. تعد قوة العضلات مؤشرا مهما لتقييم الحالة الصحية للأفراد .
(Ihle, A., Gouveia, E. R., Gouveia, B. R., Freitas, D. L., Jurema, J., Odim, A. P., et al. (2017). The relation of education, occupation, and cognitive activity to cognitive status in old age: the role of physical frailty. Int. Psychogeriatr. 29, 1469–1474. )
وترتبط سلبا بخطر الوفاة.
(Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Lobelo, F., Morrow, J. R. Jr., Jackson, A. W., Sjöström, M., et al. (2008). Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ 337:a439.)
تنخفض قوة العضلات بنسبة 1.5-3.5٪ سنويا لدى كبار السن 60 عاما فما فوق.
(Kim, T. N., and Choi, K. M. (2013). Sarcopenia: definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. J. Bone Metab. 20, 1–10.)
لقد ثبت جيدا أن قوة القبضة مرتبطة بشكل إيجابي بإمكانية الإصابة بأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية والأمراض العصبية ومتلازمة التمثيل الغذائي والإعاقة في المستقبل.
(McGrath, R. P., Kraemer, W. J., Snih, S. A., and Peterson, M. D. (2018). Handgrip strength and health in aging adults. Sports Med. 48, 1993–2000.)
لذلك تم اقتراح قوة القبضة كمؤشر بيولوجي لتحديد كبار السن المعرضين لخطر الإصابة بسوء الصحة.
(Bohannon, R. W. (2019). Grip strength: an indispensable biomarker for older adults. Clin. Interv. Aging 14, 1681–1691.)
إنه نهج غير جراحي وموثوق به للكشف عن قوة العضلات
(Cooper, R., Kuh, D., and Hardy, R. (2010). Objectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. )
Handgrip Strength and Health in Aging Adults
قوة قبضة اليد والصحة عند كبار السن
قوة قبضة اليد (Handgrip strength) هي مقياس لمدى قوة عضلات اليدين والمعصم والساعدين. يمكن أن تساعدك هذه المجموعات العضلية معًا في التمسك بشيء ما والحفاظ عليه مستقرا. غالبا ما لا يتم تقدير قوة القبضة ، على الرغم من أنها ضرورية للحياة اليومية. إذا كنت بحاجة إلى فتح جرة ، على سبيل المثال ، فإن قوة الإمساك الأفضل ستساعدك على إنجاز هذه المهمة. لاختبار قوة قبضتك ، يمكنك إما استخدام مقياس القوة حيث يمكنك تحسين قوة قبضتك بمرور الوقت. وجهاز مقياس قوة اليد هو أداة تقييم تُستخدم لقياس قوة القبضة المتساوية (قوة قبضة اليد). تستخدم بعض الإصدارات المكونات الهيدروليكية لقياس القوة بينما يستخدم البعض الآخر خلايا تحميل إلكترونية. بمجرد ضبط موضع المقبض ، يمسك المستخدم بالمقبض ويضغط على المقبض. ستحتفظ إبرة تثبيت الذروة بأعلى تصنيف في الإصدار الهيدروليكي حتى إعادة استخدامه ، بينما تعرض النسخة الرقمية نتائج الاختبار تلقائيا.
تعتبر قوة قبضة اليد مؤشرا ممتازا للمراضة والوفيات للنتائج الحادة وطويلة الأجل. في الواقع ، أظهرت العديد من الدراسات أن انخفاض قوة قبضة اليد يرتبط بجميع أسباب الوفيات عند كل من الأشخاص في منتصف العمر وكبار السن. أظهرت نتائج البحوث فرقا إحصائيا بين الجنسين. كما لوحظ أيضا انخفاض درجة قوة قبضة اليد عند الأفراد المسنين في المجتمع مقارنة بالشباب. فقدان قوة العضلات هو عملية متعددة العوامل تتأثر بالعمر والعوامل الهرمونية.
غالبا ما تستخدم قوة قبضة اليد كمؤشر على قوة العضلات الكلية للبالغين المسنين ، ويرتبط انخفاض قوة قبضة اليد بمجموعة متنوعة من النتائج الصحية السيئة بما في ذلك الأمراض المزمنة والإعاقات الوظيفية والوفيات الناجمة عن جميع الأسباب. نظرا لأن مبادرات وبرامج الصحة العامة تستهدف الحفاظ على قوة العضلات للبالغين المسنين ، فمن المهم فهم كيفية تأثير قوة قبضة اليد في عملية التعطيل وتسلسل الأحداث الصحية التي تربط انخفاض قوة قبضة اليد بالوفيات المبكرة. ستساعد هذه المعلومات في إعلام التدخلات المصممة لإبطاء عملية التعطيل وتحسين النتائج الصحية لأولئك المعرضين لخطر ضعف العضلات. علاوة على ذلك ، فإن كشف عملية التعطيل وتحديد دور الضعف طوال دورة الحياة سيساعد على تسهيل اعتماد قياسات قوة قبضة اليد في الممارسة السريرية لمقدمي الرعاية الصحية ومرضاهم.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2620, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
Ryan P. McGrath
Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
William J. Kraemer
Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Soham Al Snih
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Mark D. Peterson
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Ryan P. McGrath.
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